Showing posts with label injunctive relief. Show all posts
Showing posts with label injunctive relief. Show all posts

Sunday, October 11, 2020

Michel & Battaglia - EBay the Right to Exclude, and the Two Classes of Patent Owners

In Patently-O, an article Michel & Battaglia - EBay the Right to Exclude, and the Two Classes of Patent Owners worth reading. 

The article reviews the Supreme Court's EBay decision, which cautioned courts from categorically denying injunctions to patent owner that seek to license rather than commercialize their patented invention. Despite the caution, when it comes time to grant injunctive relief some courts think we have two class of patent owners. Time for patent owners to remind the court what did and didn't happen in EBay.

Copyright © 2020 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Monday, May 25, 2020

National Law Review - To promote Innovation, Congress Should Lessen Restrictions on Injunctive Relief for Patent Owners

In a National Law Review article: To promote Innovation, Congress Should Lessen Restrictions on Injunctive Relief for Patent Owners, Paul Michel, retired Chief Judge of the US Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit, tackles the issue of injunctive relief for valid and infringed US patents.

Read the article for the argument, but here are a few of his observations:

"For much of our country’s history, permanent injunctions were the norm once patent infringement and validity were proven at trial by the patent owner. And getting an injunction depended on facts, not the patent owner’s business model – for example, whether they manufactured or licensed their invention. The practice was stable for all of that time – until recently."

"In 2006, in the Supreme Court’s eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C. decision, the Court upended this settled practice, ruling that injunctions should not be automatically issued in patent cases and clarifying that courts must apply a four-part test to determine whether an injunction should be granted."

"For some years after, the pattern of injunction grants changed little. But eventually, it shifted greatly, as lower courts began to make injunction determinations based primarily on the patent owner’s identity. Those who manufacture products continued to get injunctions, while those who chose to license their patents instead, no longer did."

Copyright © 2020 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Engadget - Amazon tries hiring lawyers for sellers claiming patent infringement - And it only costs $4,000

In Amazon tries hiring lawyers for sellers claiming patent infringement, Engadget reports Amazon has figured out how to deal with patent infringement.

In short, patent owner pays $4,000 fee to have case heard by a neutral. If defendant doesn't pay $4,000 fee to enable a rebuttal, the patent owner gets fee back and defendant's product is removed from Amazon. If both parties pay their fees, the neutral evaluates the merits and rules: a winning patent owner gets $4,000 fee back and an injunction, and a losing defendant's $4,000 fee pays the neutral for evaluation. A losing patent owner's $4,000 fee is used to pay for the neutral evaluation, the defendant gets $4,000 fee back and the accused product stays on Amazon.

Liked the article but appears short on basic details. For example, can an accused infringer go to district court to seek reversal of a "bad decision" by an Amazon neutral? Another question, can a winning US patent owner get an injunction against foreign sales?

Copyright © 2019 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Monday, December 10, 2018

CNBC - Apple recovers losses after Chinese court bans sale of most iPhones

The CNBC article Apple recovers losses after Chinese court bans sale of most iPhones tells us Qualcomm was able to get an injunction that bans sale of iPhones in China. A few infringed Qualcomm patents can apparently shut down significant iPhone sales in China. Even if the injunctive relief is overturned this sounds disruptive.

Copyright © 2018 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Tuesday, June 4, 2013

Samsung v. Apple - ITC Bans Importing and Selling AT&T iPhones 3, 3GS, and 4, and AT&T 3G Compatible iPads and iPads 2

Today, the ITC ruled Apple cannot import or sell AT&T compatible iPhones 3, 3GS, and 4, and AT&T 3G-compatible iPads and iPads 2 due to infringement of Samsung Electronics' U.S. Patent No. 7,706,348,which relates to encoding/decoding a transport format combination indicator in CDMA communications. Not sure if Apple sells these older products, but Apple plans to appeal to the Federal Circuit. Thanks to Alan Cooper for this news.

For details see CNN Money Apple banned from selling some iPhones and iPads after Samsung patent win

Also see FOSS Patents Here's the ITC letter instructing U.S. customs to start seizing older iPhones, iPads in 60 days

Copyright © 2013 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Google Motorola Mobility - Standard-Essential Patents

When Google acquired Motorola Mobility, it obtained talented engineers, fundamental cell phone technology and a huge number of patents. It is difficult to place a value on a single patent without monetizing it, much less 17,000 patents, but it appears the standard-essential patents (SEPs) obtained in this acquisition have been particularly difficult to value.

As far as litigation, FOSS Patents reports Google (Motorola Mobility) has only won 1 out of 10 SEP cases asserted against Apple, while Samsung has only won 3 out of 24. Further, all Samsung's wins were outside the USA: two in South Korea and one in Netherlands. See Apple to FTC: Samsung and Google lose most of the cases over declared-essential patents

As far as the FTC, the Proposed Consent Order In the Matter of Google Inc., FTC File No. 121-0120, states Google's settlement with the Commission requires Google withdraw its claims for injunctive relief on FRAND-encumbered SEPs around the world, and offer a FRAND license to any company that wants to license Google's SEPs in the future.

The 25 public comments and related filings relating to the FTC-Google proposed consent decree reveal serious company opposition on injunctive relief being granted for FRAND-encumbered SEPs.

In The CCIA and RIM Tell the FTC Banning Injunctions for FRAND Patents Can Make Smartphone Wars Worse Groklaw decries this situation as robbing Google of its property right (Groklaw's concern is surprising) but in the end this will not influence the FTC or the courts.

So we don't know the value of the Motorola Mobility SEPs, but the answer for now is less than many thought. It is not always wonderful that "everybody in the industry" infringes a patent. Maybe this is the time companies realize the risk of over-declarations that certain patents are essential to an industry standard. At least it will be forseeable that seeking injunctive relief against a company stating a willingness to take a license of a SEP will be a problematic endeavor.

Copyright © 2013 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Friday, January 11, 2013

InterDigital v. ITC and Nokia - Patent Licensing Satisfies Domestic Industry Required for ITC Relief

Yesterday, in InterDigital v. ITC and Nokia, the Federal Circuit held that non-practicing entity InterDigital's patent licensing alone met the domestic industry requirement of Section 337 of the Tarriff Act of 1930, 19 USC 1337(a)(2) and 1337(a)(3). The Federal Circuit also stated the statute does not require physical articles be made in the USA. This decision poses an obstacle to the effort to reduce the impact of non-practicing entity (NPE) lawsuits in the ITC. For more detail on the lobbying, see an earlier post: Lobbying to Block ITC from Hearing Non-practicing Entities

So I expect NPEs will continue to file lawsuits at the ITC seeking injunctive relief apart from EBay considerations until (1) the domestic industry requirement is rewritten, or (2) the SCOTUS reverses the InterDigital interpretation of the domestic industry requirement. But I don't expect many NPEs to successfully assert SEPs in the ITC given the ITC only grants exclusion orders.

Copyright © 2013 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Tuesday, January 8, 2013

DOJ & USPTO Policy Statement on Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to FRAND

The FTC and DOJ/USPTO have different opinions on what should trigger an injunction for infringement of a standard essential patent (SEP).

See the FTC press release: Google Agrees to Change Its Business Practices to Resolve FTC Competition Concerns In the Markets for Devices Like Smart Phones, Games and Tablets, and in Online Search.

See U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division (DOJ) and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Policy Statement on Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to Voluntary F/RAND Commitments.

Also see McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff LLP's article: FRAND and Injunctive Relief: Exploring a Standard-Essential Patent Owners Right to Injunctive Relief

Copyright © 2013 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Friday, November 30, 2012

Microsoft v. Motorola Mobility - Google's Motorola Standard Essential Patents Not Entitled to Injunction or Hefty Royalty Rate

Today, in Microsoft v. Motorola Mobility, the federal district court judge granted Microsoft's summary judgment motion that Motorola Mobility's standard essential patents (SEP) are not entitled to injunctive relief and will be subject to FRAND. We may see a consensus that we cannot have patent hold ups on SEPs since that gives SEP owners too much negotiating leverage against competitors.

I am a little surprised at how this case evolved. Google's Motorola Mobility would not sign up under  Microsoft's patent licensing program despite the vast majority of Android makers doing so. Second, after Motorola Mobility was sued it didn't think maybe it should settle. Instead it counterclaims that Microsoft XBox infringed patents essential to the H.264 (video codec) or IEEE 802.11 (WiFI, or WLAN) standards. We were talking about my Android, but let's talk about your XBox? Then Motorola insists on injunctive relief and unreasonably high royalty rates on those SEPs?

Despite this Groklaw suggests the judge's decision is based on local bias: Surprise Surprise ... Seattle Judge Grants MS Motion, Bans Injunctions for Motorola's RAND Patents

Groklaw argues the Seattle judge is in Microsoft's home court and handed out a predictable victory to Microsoft based on a sealed motion (i.e., who knows what) that is likely to be appealed. In my opinion, the judge is being unfairly impugned. Motorola lost because it pushed beyond the outer limits of remedies available for SEPs.

Also see other reviews of this decision such as Joe Mullin' In a blow to Android, judge says Moto patents can't get injunctions - Motorola can't use standard-based patents to enjoin Microsoft's Xbox and FOSS Patents' Google's Motorola loses a summary judgment decision after Microsoft FRAND trial.

Copyright © 2012 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Monday, June 25, 2012

Apple v. Motorola Patent Case - Judge Posner Dismisses with Prejudice

On June 23, Judge Posner issued a 38-page court order dismissing with prejudice the Apple v. Motorola patent case. Apple had four patents and Motorola, now Google, had just one in the case. Perhaps because of this some concluded Google won, but dismissed with prejudice means both Apple and Google will not be able to refile complaints on these patents and products in the future. Although the dismissal is appealable, I would be surprised if the Federal Circuit reversed it.

Judge Posner rejected Apple and Motorola's damage theories due to a failure of proof not because damages were incalculable. Judge Posner faulted the experts and attorneys, and was not willing to fill the evidentiary gaps. For example, one of Apple's expert stated a particular non-infringing chip was worth "a substantial fraction" of a $14.05 chipset, but conceded he could not quantify it. That kind of gap was held up for examination and skewered. Because of gaps like this, Judge Posner concluded neither party was entitled to an injunction nor damages and the case should be dismissed with prejudice, since permitting the parties to refile to fix the damage cases would be ridiculous.

This order is worth reading. It's a sharply worded tutorial on what evidence will be expected to establish damages in a patent infringement case in the future. Specifically, it discusses reasonable royalties, injunctions, and fair reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing of standard essential patents.

Judge Posner noted he wouldn’t ban a product that follows an industry standard unless the party (Apple) refused to pay a fair rate: "Once a patent becomes essential to a standard, the patentee’s bargaining power surges because a prospective licensee has no alternative to licensing the patent; he is at the patentee’s mercy."

Copyright © 2012 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.

Saturday, June 16, 2012

Apple v. Motorola - Judge Posner Grants Apple's Request for Hearing on Injunctive Relief

Apple and Motorola were scheduled to go to trial in June 2012. In brief, Apple claims that Motorola Droid and Xoom tablet infringe on its patents, while Motorola counterclaims that Apple infringes on one of Motorola's cellphone patent which appears to be a standard essential patent subject to FRAND.

Surprising many court observers, Judge Posner canceled the court date about a week ago, because he had concluded the parties had not proven a basis for a remedy. At that time, Judge Posner noted it was a tentative decision, but he would prepare a full opinion in case he changed his mind.

On June 13, Judge Posner changed his mind granting Apple's request of June 7 for a hearing on injunctive relief on June 20. Judge Posner noted the parties should be prepared to address the eBay factors and the possibility of a reasonable royalties as a substitute for injunctive relief as well as the issue of FRAND.

Here is a link if you are interested in Judge Posner's order of June 13, 2012.

Many readers know this, but just in case I note Judge Posner, handling this at the trial level, normally sits on the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, which does not handle US patent appeals. Yet, Judge Posner is one of the most respected judges in the USA and has written extensively on antitrust, IP and other legal topics so it is nice he changed his mind so we can get his views on these patent topics.

Copyright © 2012 Robert Moll. All rights reserved.